Acompany's rare and valuable process knowledge elements can be hard to copy because they are often unwritten, spread among many team members and kept secret within the firm. this is an example of:

The options were 
a. poorly organized inventory
 b. causal ambiguity.
 c. organizational architecture.
 d. scarcity
 The answer is b. causal ambiguity.
 If we see the meaning of causal ambiguity is the inexactness due to some cause
 Here the data to steal won't be exact as there will be no written records of it rather it will only be known to people inside firm which is not a reliable source of information as they could easily lie

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.