What determines the total value of annual u. s. gdp? a. the federal reserve board. b. the congressional budget office. c. the spending and production decisions of consumers, firms, governments, and foreigners. d. wall street?

(a) what was the opportunity cost of non-gm food for many buyers before 2008? (b) why did they prefer the alternative? (c) what was the opportunity cost in 2008? (d) why did it change?

Some years ago it was estimated that the demand for steel approximately satisfied the equation p=194-25x x, and the total cost of producing x units of steel was upper c left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals 145 plus 40 x. (the quantity x was measured in millions of tons and the price and total cost were measured in millions of dollars.) determine the level of production and the corresponding price that maximize the profits.

For example, the upper right cell shows that if expresso advertises and beantown doesn't advertise, expresso will make a profit of $15 million, and beantown will make a profit of $2 million. assume this is a simultaneous game and that expresso and beantown are both profit-maximizing firms. if expresso decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if beantown advertises and a profit of $ million if beantown does not advertise. if expresso decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if beantown advertises and a profit of $ million if beantown does not advertise. if beantown advertises, expresso makes a higher profit if it chooses . if beantown doesn't advertise, expresso makes a higher profit if it chooses . suppose that both firms start off not advertising. if the firms act independently, what strategies will they end up choosing? expresso will choose to advertise and beantown will choose not to advertise. expresso will choose not to advertise and beantown will choose to advertise. both firms will choose to advertise. both firms will choose not to advertise.