Alex works as an accountant in a pharmaceutical company. his job frequently demands that he work overtime. lately, his health has been affected because of his workload. alex is eligible for a promotion. but, the new position would demand longer working hours with double the current salary. alex values his health over his pay check at the end of the month. in the context of expectancy theory, the promotion has a for alex.

Cosmetic profits. sally is the executive vice president of big name cosmetics company. through important and material, nonpublic information, she learns that the company is soon going to purchase a smaller chain of stores. it is expected that stock in big name cosmetics will rise dramatically at that point. sally immediately buys a number of shares of her company's stock. she also tells her friend alice about the expected purchase of stores. alice wanted to purchase stock in the company but lacked the funds with which to do so. although she did not have the funds in bank a, alice decided to draw a check on bank a and deposit the check in bank b and then proceed to write a check on bank b to cover the purchase of the stock. she hoped that she would have sufficient funds to deposit before the check was presented for payment. of which of the following offenses, if any, is alice guilty of by buying stock?