"cultures around the world are becoming increasingly similar, so companies should standardize both their products and global marketing efforts." do you agree or disagree with this reasoning? why? are there certain industries for which it might be more or less true?

I disagree, while cultures are becoming more similar they are not completely the same. While one country may approve of something another may not, this does not mean that one country is right and the other is wrong, but rather each country has their own principles and unique culture. It is best for companies to come up with unique products and marketing campaigns to ensure everyone is satisfied and that no group countries will have opposing views that may hinder a company's marketing or product. Any products or company that have political or religious affiliations will not be well received everywhere around the global due to their divisive nature. On the other hand companies associated with entertainment such as sports, video games or movies may have an easier time trying to appeal to people globally due to their escapist capabilities.