The managing underwriter has set the POP for a new issue offering at $50 per share. After negotiating, the proceeds to be received by the issuer upon closing are set at $48 per share. The managing underwriter will retain a management fee of $.25 per share and the selling concession has been set at $.75 per share. The spread is:

Casey communications recently issued new common stock and used the proceeds to pay off some of its short-term notes payable. this action had no effect on the company's total assets or operating income. which of the following effects would occur as a result of this action? a. the company's current ratio increased. b. the company's times interest earned ratio decreased. c. the company's basic earning power ratio increased. d. the company's equity multiplier increased. e. the company's debt ratio increased.