Please help me answer this question, i know the answer is A but i have no idea why so please explain it to me. also zoom in to make the picture clear :) make sure to explain clearly why the answer is A and not all the other options, like why is it not B, C or D etc. Thank you i really appreciate it in advance

Pennewell publishing inc. (pp) is a zero growth company. it currently has zero debt and its earnings before interest and taxes (ebit) are $80,000. pp's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%. the firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $48.00. refer to the data for pennewell publishing inc. (pp). pp is considering changing its capital structure to one with 30% debt and 70% equity, based on market values. the debt would have an interest rate of 8%. the new funds would be used to repurchase stock. it is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the added leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise to 12%. if this plan were carried out, what would be pp's new value of operations? a. $484,359 b. $521,173 c. $584,653 d. $560,748 e. $487,805

9. tax types: taxes are classified based on whether they are applied directly to income, called direct taxes, or to some other measurable performance characteristic of the firm, called indirect taxes. identify each of the following as a “direct tax,” an “indirect tax,” or something else: a. corporate income tax paid by a japanese subsidiary on its operating income b. royalties paid to saudi arabia for oil extracted and shipped to world markets c. interest received by a u. s. parent on bank deposits held in london d. interest received by a u. s. parent on a loan to a subsidiary in mexico e. principal repayment received by u. s. parent from belgium on a loan to a wholly owned subsidiary in belgium f. excise tax paid on cigarettes manufactured and sold within the united states g. property taxes paid on the corporate headquarters building in seattle h. a direct contribution to the international committee of the red cross for refugee relief i. deferred income tax, shown as a deduction on the u. s. parent’s consolidated income tax j. withholding taxes withheld by germany on dividends paid to a united kingdom parent corporation

Your team has identified the risks on the project and determined their risk score. the team is in the midst of determining what strategies to put in place should the risks occur. after some discussion, the team members have determined that the risk of losing their network administrator is a risk they'll just deal with if and when it occurs. although they think it's a possibility and the impact would be significant, they've decided to simply deal with it after the fact. which of the following is true regarding this question? a. this is a positive response strategy. b. this is a negative response strategy. c. this is a response strategy for either positive or negative risk known as contingency planning. d. this is a response strategy for either positive or negative risks known as passive acceptance.