When a preferred stock requires that all past unpaid preferred stock dividends must be paid before any common stock dividends can be​ declared, this preferred stock has a​ feature.

The federal reserve took an expansionary approach during the crisis. this was done by expanding the money supply and boosting liquidity. this can be seen in the fed's actions of lending to banks, purchasing securities, and lowering the federal funds rate in order to lower overall interest rates. the fed's goal was to increase consumer spending and overall liquidity within the system, and they pursued this by expanding the supply of liquid money.