a. There is no reason to think that changes in the personal tax rate would affect firms' capital structure decisions. b. Suppose a firm has less than its optimal amount of debt. Increasing its use of debt to the point where it is at its optimal capital structure will decrease the costs of both debt and equity financing. c. In general, a firm with low operating leverage also has a small proportion of its total costs in the form of fixed costs. d. A firm with high business risk is more likely to increase its use of financial leverage than a firm with low business risk, assuming all else equal.