Code switching is defined as: A. alternating back and forth between more than one linguistic variant depending on the context
B. a nonstandard variation of a language that is particular to a specific region
C. the study of the development of language over time, including its changes and variations
D. the idea that variation in languages appears gracually over distance between places
E. the study of the intersection between language and systems of power such as race, class, and age

Uppose the book-printing industry is competitive and begins in a long-run equilibrium. then hi-tech printing company invents a new process that sharply reduces the cost of printing books. suppose hi-tech's patent prevents other firms from using the new technology. which of the following statements are true about what happens in the short run? check all that apply. hi-tech's average-total-cost curve shifts downward. hi-tech's profits increase. the price of books remains the same. hi-tech's marginal-cost curve remains the same.

Maldonia has a comparative advantage in the production of , while lamponia has a comparative advantage in the production of . suppose that maldonia and lamponia specialize in the production of the goods in which each has a comparative advantage. after specialization, the two countries can produce a total of million pounds of lemons and million pounds of coffee.

Randall's, inc. has 20,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. the market value is $12 per share. the balance sheet shows $42,000 in the capital in excess of par account, $20,000 in the common stock account, and $50,500 in the retained earnings account. the firm just announced a 5 percent (small) stock dividend. what will the balance in the retained earnings account be after the dividend?