Toyota's automotive electronics systems and FedEx's Web site were not developed solely because managers in these organizations wanted to do things faster or because they wanted to have the latest, greatest technology. These organizations developed these systems to help gain or sustain competitive advantage. The choices made in developing the systems at both Toyota and FedEx were in their intent.

Kendra knight took part in a friendly game of touch football. she had played before and was familiar with football. michael jewett was on her team. in the course of play, michael bumped into kendra and knocked her to the ground. he stepped on her hand, causing injury to a little finger that later required its amputation. she sued michael for damages. he defended on the ground that she had assumed the risk. kendra claimed that assumption of risk could not be raised as a defense because the state legislature had adopted the standard of comparative negligence. what happens if contributory negligence applies? what happens if the defense of comparative negligence applies?