Martin Corp. permits any of its employees to buy shares directly from the company through payroll deduction. There are no brokerage fees and shares can be purchased at a 15% discount. During 2021, employees purchased 12 million shares; during this same period, the shares had a market price of $15 per share at the end of the year. Martin's 2021 pretax earnings will be reduced by:

Select all that apply. select the ways that labor unions can increase wages. collective bargaining reducing the labor supply increasing the demand for labor creating monopolies

Explain whether each of the following events increases, decreases, or has no effect on the unemployment rate and the labor-force participation rate. a. after a long search, jon finds a job. b. tyrion, a full-time college student, graduates and is immediately employed. c. after an unsuccessful job search, arya gives up looking and retires. d. daenerys quits her job to become a stay-at-home mom. e. sansa has a birthday, becomes an adult, but has no interest in working. f. jaime has a birthday, becomes an adult, and starts looking for a job. g. cersei dies while enjoying retirement. h. jorah dies working long hours at the office.

Andrea cujoli is a currency speculator who enjoys "betting" on changes in the foreign currency exchange market. currently the spot price for the japanese yen is ¥129.87/$ and the 6-month forward rate is ¥128.53/$. andrea would earn a higher rate of return by buying yen and a forward contract than if she had invested her money in 6-month us treasury securities at an annual rate of 2.50%. true/false?