Death benefit proceeds from a life insurance policy are included in a decedent's gross estate in which of the following circumstances: The decedent gave the policy to his father four years ago, but retained the right to change the name of the beneficiary.
The policy beneficiary is a grantor trust of the decedent but the policy is owned by a closely-held corporation.
The decedent gave the policy to a charity seven years ago.
The decedent transferred the policy to an irrevocable life insurance trust five years ago with no retained incidents of ownership.

A. 2 and 3.
B. 1 and 2.
C. 3 and 4.
D. 1 and 4.