Order the following based on the typical or most common relationship Where (1) is the lowest cost and (4) is the highest cost
- 1. 2. 3. 4.
Cost of common equity from new issuance (this is the most expensive)
- 1. 2. 3. 4.

After-tax cost of debt (see for example stocks vs bonds currently: (picture link) the yellow line is generally below the blue line )
- 1. 2. 3. 4.

Cost of preferred stock (this is always higher than the after-tax cost of debt)
- 1. 2. 3. 4.

If the government is required to balance the budget and the economy falls into a recession, which of the actions is a feasible policy response? cut taxes to encourage consumer spending invest in infrastructure increase government spending to stimulate the economy cut spending equal to the reduction in tax revenue what is a likely consequence of this policy? unemployment falls due to the economic stimulus. the negative consequences of the recession are magnified. consumer spending increases due to their ability to keep more of their after-tax income. there is hyperinflation due to an increase in aggregate demand.

Exercise 4-6 the following balances were taken from the books of alonzo corp. on december 31, 2017. interest revenue $86,000 accumulated depreciation—equipment $40,000 cash 51,000 accumulated depreciation—buildings 28,000 sales revenue 1,380,000 notes receivable 155,000 accounts receivable 150,000 selling expenses 194,000 prepaid insurance 20,000 accounts payable 170,000 sales returns and allowances 150,000 bonds payable 100,000 allowance for doubtful accounts 7,000 administrative and general expenses 97,000 sales discounts 45,000 accrued liabilities 32,000 land 100,000 interest expense 60,000 equipment 200,000 notes payable 100,000 buildings 140,000 loss from earthquake damage 150,000 cost of goods sold 621,000 common stock 500,000 retained earnings 21,000 assume the total effective tax rate on all items is 34%. prepare a multiple-step income statement; 100,000 shares of common stock were outstanding during the year. (round earnings per share to 2 decimal places, e. g. 1.48.)

Consider how health insurance affects the quantity of health care services performed. suppose that the typical medical procedure has a cost of $160, yet a person with health insurance pays only $40 out of pocket. her insurance company pays the remaining $120. (the insurance company recoups the $120 through premiums, but the premium a person pays does not depend on how many procedures that person chooses to undergo.) consider the following demand curve in the market for medical care. use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the quantity of procedures demanded if each procedure has a price of $160. then use the grey point (star symbol) to indicate the quantity of procedures demanded if each procedure has a price of $40. q d at p=$160 q d at p=$40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 price of medical procedures quantity of medical procedures demand if the cost of each procedure to society is truly $160, the quantity that maximizes total surplus is procedures. economists often blame the health insurance system for excessive use of medical care. given your analysis, the use of care might be viewed as excessive because consumers get procedures whose value is than the cost of producing them.