Mrs. orlof teaches two history classes, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. yesterday she gave the same test to both classes. anyone who failed the test must take a retest. since a greater percentage of students who took the morning test failed the test than students who took the afternoon test, more of orlof’s morning history students than afternoon history students will have to take the retest. the conclusion above is not necessarily valid because

For fundamental-type variables, list-initialization syntax prevents narrowing conversions that could result in data loss. for fundamental-type variables, list-initialization syntax allows narrowing conversions that could result in data loss.

5. profit maximization and shutting down in the short run suppose that the market for polos is a competitive market. the following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 price (dollars per polo) quantity (thousands of polos) mc atc avc for each price in the following table, calculate the firm's optimal quantity of units to produce, and determine the profit or loss if it produces at that quantity, using the data from the previous graph to identify its total variable cost. assume that if the firm is indifferent between producing and shutting down, it will produce. (hint: you can select the purple points [diamond symbols] on the previous graph to see precise information on average variable cost.) price quantity total revenue fixed cost variable cost profit (dollars per polo) (polos) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 12.50 135,000 27.50 135,000 45.00 135,000 if the firm shuts down, it must incur its fixed costs (fc) in the short run. in this case, the firm's fixed cost is $135,000 per day. in other words, if it shuts down, the firm would suffer losses of $135,000 per day until its fixed costs end (such as the expiration of a building lease). this firm's shutdown price—that is, the price below which it is optimal for the firm to shut down—is per polo.

Zapper has beginning equity of $257,000, net income of $51,000, dividends of $40,000 and investments by stockholders of $6,000. its ending equity is