Chapter 13 is often prefer to chapter 7 by debtors because

We understand that bankruptcy is not always a result of poor money management; financial hardship can result all too easily from unforeseen circumstances such as a serious injury or illness, divorce, or job loss. Declaring bankruptcy is nothing to be ashamed about.

The federal reserve took an expansionary approach during the crisis. this was done by expanding the money supply and boosting liquidity. this can be seen in the fed's actions of lending to banks, purchasing securities, and lowering the federal funds rate in order to lower overall interest rates. the fed's goal was to increase consumer spending and overall liquidity within the system, and they pursued this by expanding the supply of liquid money.