Which are the key characteristics of the market in which a company operates?

What do economists mean when they use the latin expression ceteris paribus?

Bridge building company estimates that it will incur $1,200,000 in overhead costs for the year. additionally, the company estimates 50,000 direct labor hours will be spent building custom walking bridges for the year at a total direct labor cost of $600,000. what is the predetermined overhead rate for bridge building company if direct labor costs are to be used as an allocation base?

The owner of firewood to go is considering buying a hydraulic wood splitter which sells for $50,000. he figures it will cost an additional $100 per cord to purchase and split wood with this machine, while he can sell each cord of split wood for $125. if, for this machine, design capacity is 50 cords per day, effective capacity is 40 cords per day, and actual output is expected to be 32 cords per day, what would be its efficiency?