When a producer owns an intermediary at the next level down in the marketing channel, it is referred to as
a. forward integration
b. backward integration
c. vertical channel connection
d. horizontal channel connection
e. horizontal integration?

Alyssa works for an engineering firm that has been hired to design and supervise the construction of a highway bridge over a major river. the bridge will be a unique design, incorporating complex designs that will likely never be duplicated. how should alyssa deal with designing and overseeing the building of the bridge?

Oliver is the vice president of production at his company and has been managing the launch of new software systems. he worked with a team of individuals who were tasked to create awareness about a specific product and also to approach potential purchasers of the product. which department managers were part of oliver’s team?

Robert is a district manager who oversees several store managers in a national chain of restaurants. robert reports directly to the vice president of stores and marketing, a member of top management. robert is a middle manager. t/f