In this chapter, we showed an example in which the consumer has preferences for con- sumption with the perfect complements property. Suppose, alternatively, that leisure and consump- tion goods are perfect substitutes. In this case, an indifference curve is described by the equation i = al + bC, where a and b are positive constants, and u is the level of utility. That is, a given indifference curve has a particular value for u, with higher indiffer- ence curves having higher values for u. (a) Show what the consumer’s indifference curves look like when consumption and lei- sure are perfect substitutes, and determine graphically and algebraically what consump- tion bundle the consumer chooses. Show that the consumption bundle the consumer chooses depends on the relationship between a/b and w, and explain why. (b) Do you think it likely that any consumer would treat consumption goods and leisure as perfect substitutes? answers

Cesar had a part-time job last year. he worked every week for the year and made $23 an hour. he worked 28 hours each week. cesar saved what was left of his earnings after paying all of his monthly expenses. at the end of the year, he had saved $3,360. what were cesar’s average monthly expenses, rounded to the nearest dollar?

In a "dutch auction" for new stock, individual investors place bids for shares directly. each potential bidder indicates the price he or she is willing to pay and how many shares he or she will purchase at that price. the highest price that permits the company to sell all the shares it wants to sell is determined, and this is the "market clearing price." all bidders who specified this price or higher are allowed to purchase their shares at the market clearing price. true false

"in the electricity industry, low average total costs are obtained only through large-scale production. in other words, the initial cost of setting up all the necessary wiring makes it risky and, most likely, unprofitable for competitors to enter the market. throughout much of the 20th century, many people viewed south africa’s de beers group as a monopoly because it controlled a large percentage of diamond production and sales. patents are granted to inventors of a product or process for a certain number of years. the reason for this is to encourage innovation in the economy. without the existence of patents, it is argued, research and development for improved electronics is unlikely to take place, since there’s nothing preventing another firm from stealing the idea, copying the product, and producing it without incurring the devel opment costs."which of the following best explains the barriers to entry that exist in this scenario? increasing returns to scale legal barriers exclusive ownership of a necessary resource