If consumer has rational, monotonic and convex preferences, which of the following is true concerning the substitution effect of a decrease in price of good X. A) It always will lead to an increase in consumption of good X.
B) It will lead to an increase in consumption of good X only if X is a Giffen good.
C) It will lead to an increase in consumption of good X only if X is an inferior good.
D) It will lead to an increase in consumption of good X only if X is a normal good.

Pennewell publishing inc. (pp) is a zero growth company. it currently has zero debt and its earnings before interest and taxes (ebit) are $80,000. pp's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%. the firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $48.00. refer to the data for pennewell publishing inc. (pp). pp is considering changing its capital structure to one with 30% debt and 70% equity, based on market values. the debt would have an interest rate of 8%. the new funds would be used to repurchase stock. it is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the added leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise to 12%. if this plan were carried out, what would be pp's new value of operations? a. $484,359 b. $521,173 c. $584,653 d. $560,748 e. $487,805

Pear co.’s income statement for the year ended december 31, as prepared by pear’s controller, reported income before taxes of $125,000. the auditor questioned the following amounts that had been included in income before taxes: equity in earnings of cinn co. $ 40,000 dividends received from cinn 8,000 adjustments to profits of prior years for arithmetical errors in depreciation (35,000) pear owns 40% of cinn’s common stock, and no acquisition differentials are relevant. pear’s december 31 income statement should report income before taxes of

Schuepfer inc. bases its selling and administrative expense budget on budgeted unit sales. the sales budget shows 1,800 units are planned to be sold in march. the variable selling and administrative expense is $4.30 per unit. the budgeted fixed selling and administrative expense is $35,620 per month, which includes depreciation of $2,700 per month. the remainder of the fixed selling and administrative expense represents current cash flows. the cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses on the march selling and administrative expense budget should be: