Assume that policymakers believed that the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) was 0.9. Following the announcement in December 2008 that the U. S. economy had been in a recession since December 2007, Congress and President Obama passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) into law in February 2009. The ARRA cut taxes by $288 billion, increased government spending by $275 billion, and increased transfer payments by $224 billion. Although not fully implemented, the majority of the government spending would take place in 2010 and 2011. 1. Was the ARRA an example of discretionary fiscal policy or nondiscretionary fiscal policy