Developing the cash flow for each alternative in a study is a pivotal, and usually the most difficult, step in the engineering economic analysis procedure. An integrated approach for developing cash flows includes three major components: a. A work breakdown structure (WBS) definition of the project.
b. A cost and revenue structure that identifies all the cost and revenue elements involved in the study
c. Estimating techniques (models).

Required:
Discuss the concept of equivalence - if two cash flows (or a series of cash flows) are equivalent for a stated interest rate, and under what circumstances you would be willing to trade one for the other.

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu

Question 6 of 102 pointswhich situation shows a constant rate of change? oa. the number of tickets sold compared with the number of minutesbefore a football gameob. the height of a bird over timeoc. the cost of a bunch of grapes compared with its weightod. the outside temperature compared with the time of day

Mno corporation uses a job-order costing system with a predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor-hours. the company based its predetermined overhead rate for the current year on the following data: total estimated direct labor-hours 50,000 total estimated fixed manufacturing overhead cost $ 285,000 estimated variable manufacturing overhead per direct labor-hour $ 3.80 recently, job p123 was completed with the following characteristics: total actual direct labor-hours 20 direct materials $ 710 direct labor cost $ 500 the amount of overhead applied to job p123 is closest to: