Suppose that Megan has just finished smoking a cigarette and is thinking about throwing the cigarette butt onto her neighbor Larry's driveway. Although no police officers are around, she instead decides to carry it to a trash can because she doesn't want to embarrass herself by letting people see her littering. Which of the following types of private solutions to the externality of littering has occurred in this case?

a. Contracts
b. Integration of different types of businesses through merger or acquisition
c. Charities
d. Moral codes and social sanctions

It’s important to note that sometimes private solutions to externalities do not work. For example, this occurs when the number of parties involved is so large that it makes

a. government action the only viable solution
b. coordinating negotiations among all of the parties too costly
c. the market failure from the externality unimportant.

What is the relationship between the national response framework and the national incident management system (nims)? a. the national response framework replaces the nims, which is now obsolete. b. the response protocols and structures described in the national response framework align with the nims, and all nims components support response. c. the nims relates to local, state, and territorial operations, whereas the nrf relates strictly to federal operations. d. the nims and the national response framework cover different aspects of incident management—the nims is focused on tactical planning, and the national response framework is focused on coordination.

Fanning company is considering the addition of a new product to its cosmetics line. the company has three distinctly different options: a skin cream, a bath oil, or a hair coloring gel. relevant information and budgeted annual income statements for each of the products follow. skin cream bath oil color gel budgeted sales in units (a) 110,000 190,000 70,000 expected sales price (b) $8 $4 $11 variable costs per unit (c) $2 $2 $7 income statements sales revenue (a × b) $880,000 $760,000 $770,000 variable costs (a × c) (220,000) (380,000) (490,000) contribution margin 660,000 380,000 280,000 fixed costs (432,000) (240,000) (76,000) net income $228,000 $140,000 $204,000 required: (a) determine the margin of safety as a percentage for each product. (b) prepare revised income statements for each product, assuming a 20 percent increase in the budgeted sales volume. (c) for each product, determine the percentage change in net income that results from the 20 percent increase in sales. (d) assuming that management is pessimistic and risk averse, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line? (e) assuming that management is optimistic and risk aggressive, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line?

Jose recently died with a probate estate of $900,000. he was predeceased by his wife, guadalupe, and his daughter, lucy. he has two surviving children, pete and fred. jose was also survived by eight grandchildren, pete’s three children, naomi, daniel, nick; fred’s three children, heather, chris and steve; and lucy’s two children, david and rachel. jose’s will states the following “i leave everything to my three children. if any of my children shall predecease me then i leave their share to their heirs, per stirpes.” which of the following statements is correct? (a) under jose’s will rachel will receive $150,000. (b) under jose’s will chris will receive $150,000. (c) under jose’s will nick will receive $100,000. (d) under jose’s will pete will receive $200,000.