What is pie times 1 billion of pie=

Suppose an economist believes that the price level in the economy is directly related to the money supply, or the amount of money circulating in the economy. the economist proposes the following relationship: p=a x m - p=price level - m=money supply - a=a composite of other factors, including real gdp, that change very slowly over time. how might an economist gather empirical data to test the proposed relationship between money and the price level? an economist would persuade the federal reserve to change the money supply to various levels, and observe the resulting changes in the price level. unlike researchers in the hard sciences, economists cannot study complex relationships using data. economists do not usually develop theoretical models of the economy but only analyze summary statistics about the current state of the economy. an economist would look for data on past changes in the money supply, and note the resulting changes in the price level

Levine inc., which produces a single product, has prepared the following standard cost sheet for one unit of the product. direct materials (9 pounds at $1.80 per pound) $16.20 direct labor (6 hours at $14.00 per hour) $84.00 during the month of april, the company manufactures 270 units and incurs the following actual costs. direct materials purchased and used (2,500 pounds) $5,000 direct labor (1,660 hours) $22,908 compute the total, price, and quantity variances for materials and labor.

jackie's snacks sells fudge, caramels, and popcorn. it sold 12,000 units last year. popcorn outsold fudge by a margin of 2 to 1. sales of caramels were the same as sales of popcorn. fixed costs for jackie's snacks are $14,000. additional information follows: product unit sales prices unit variable cost fudge $5.00 $4.00 caramels $8.00 $5.00 popcorn $6.00 $4.50 the breakeven sales volume in units for jackie's snacks is