Abusive tax schemes have evolved from simple structuring of abusive domestic and foreign trust arrangements into sophisticated strategies that take advantage of the financial secrecy laws of some foreign jurisdictions and the availability of credit/debit cards issued from offshore financial institutions. Generally, these schemes are characterized by the use of all of the following flow-through entities except: A. International Business Companies
B. Foreign Trusts
C. Qualified Intermediaries
D. Foreign Partnerships

c. Qualified Intermediaries

Explanation:

The correct Option is Qualified Intermediaries. All the other choices A, B and D are characterized by Abusive tax schemes.

The basic purpose of an abusive tax scheme is to evade taxes and this is done by using the premise or modus operandi of structuring a multiple flow through entities. When this structure is created it enables the taxpayer to evade taxes. For instance the taxpayer can make use of trusts, LLCs, LLPs etc. The abusive tax schemes create a complicated transaction that is usually spun into a web of complex and multi-layered transactions. This web of complex and multi-layered transactions hides the real ownership and real nature of the taxable income. Abusive trust schemes are characterized by the use of all of the follow like domestic and foreign trusts, partnerships, nominees like International Business companies except Qualified Intermediaries.

odd consecutive integers are odd integers that follow each other. they have a difference of 2 between every two numbers. if n is an odd integer, then n, n+2, n+4 and n+6 will be odd consecutive integers. the first number in the pattern is always the variable on its own or in this case, "n". examples.