A leader's use of power can influence his or her overall effectiveness as a strategic manager. Which of these statements is true? a. Edward Wrapp says that effective leaders should use their power in a dictatorial fashion to ensure team members understand who the final decision maker is. b. Jeffrey Pfeffer explains that ultimately a manager's power comes from his or her control over resources, such as budgets, capital, positions, information, and knowledge. c. Jeffrey Pfeffer believes that only those with a title and official position can exert power within an organization. d. Edward Wrapp argues that organizational leaders do not have anything in common with political leaders and should not behave democratically.

Verizon communications, inc., provides the following footnote relating to its leasing activities in its 10-k report. the aggregate minimum rental commitments under noncancelable leases for the periods shown at december 31, 2010, are as follows: years (dollars in millions) capital leases operatingleases 2011 $97 $1,898 2012 74 1,720 2013 70 1,471 2014 54 1,255 2015 42 1,012 thereafter 81 5,277 total minimum 418 $ 12,633 rental commitments less interest and (86) executory costs present value of 332 minimum lease payments less current (75) installments long-term obligation $257 at december 31, 2010 (a) confirm that verizon capitalized its capital leases using a rate of 7.4 %. (b) compute the present value of verizon's operating leases, assuming an 7.4% discount rate and rounding the remaining lease term to 3 decimal places. (use a financial calculator or excel to compute. do not round until your final answers. round each answer to the nearest whole number.)