A closed-end fund starts the year with a net asset value of $18.00. By year-end, NAV equals $18.40. At the beginning of the year, the fund was selling at a 2.5% premium to NAV. By the end of the year, the fund is selling at a 5% discount from NAV. The fund paid year-end distributions of income and capital gains of $1.60. a. What is the rate of return to an investor in the fund during the year

3.41%

Explanation:

Rate of return = (Change in price + Income and Gains) / Beginning price

Beginning Price = NAV * Premium

= 18 * ( 1 + 2.5%)

= $18.45

Ending Price

= NAV * Discount

= 18.40 * ( 1 - 5%)

= $17.48

Rate of Return = (( 17.48 - 18.45) + 1.60) / 18.45

= 3.41%

answer; ///(d); determining who competes most closely   with whom evaluating whether industry driving forces and competitive pressure favor some strategic groups and hurt others, and ascertaining whether the profit potential of different strategic groups varies due to the strengths and weaknesses in each groups respective market positions;

answer; yield to maturity;