"There is no such thing as a free lunch" is a famous economic expression that means everything has a cost. In one or two sentences, describe how this expression relates to opportunity cost.

Uppose stanley's office supply purchases 50,000 boxes of pens every year. ordering costs are $100 per order and carrying costs are $0.40 per box. moreover, management has determined that the eoq is 5,000 boxes. the vendor now offers a quantity discount of $0.20 per box if the company buys pens in order sizes of 10,000 boxes. determine the before-tax benefit or loss of accepting the quantity discount. (assume the carrying cost remains at $0.40 per box whether or not the discount is taken.)

Aprice ceiling is “binding” if the price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price. suppose that the equilibrium price is $5. if a price ceiling is set at $6, this will not affect the market in any way since $5 remains a legally allowable price (since $5 < $6). a price ceiling of $6 is called a “non-binding” price ceiling. on the other hand, if the price ceiling is set at $4, the price ceiling is “binding” because the natural equilibrium price is $5 but that is no longer allowed. what happens when there is a binding price ceiling? at a price below the equilibrium price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. there is a shortage. normally, price increases eliminate shortages by increasing quantity supplied and decreasing quantity demanded. in this case, however, price increases are not allowed past the price ceiling. we therefore predict that the observed market price will be right at the price ceiling and there will be a permanent shortage. the observed quantity bought and sold will be dictated by the quantity supplied at the price ceiling. although consumers would like to buy more, there are no more units for sale

Jillian wants to plan her finances because she wants to create and maintain her tax and credit history. she also wants to chart out all of her financial transactions for the past federal fiscal year. what duration should jillian consider to calculate her finances? from (march or january )to (december or april)?