What is the vertical component

Josie, an unmarried taxpayer, has $155,000 in salary, $10,000 in income from a passive investment in a limited partnership, and a $26,000 passive loss from a real estate rental activity in which she actively participates. if her modified adjusted gross income is $155,000, how much of the $26,000 loss is deductible

Atrough in the business cycle occurs when

During which of the following phases of the business cycle does the real gdp fall? a. trough b. expansion c. contraction d. peak