Most Company has an opportunity to invest in one of two new projects. Project Y requires a $345,000 investment for new machinery with a six-year life and no salvage value. Project Z requires a $345,000 investment for new machinery with a five-year life and no salvage value. The two projects yield the following predicted annual results. The company uses straight-line depreciation, and cash flows occur evenly throughout each year. Project Y Project Z
Sales 360,000 288,000
Expenses
Direct materials 50,400 36,000
Direct labor 72,000 43,200
Overhead including depreciation 129,600 129,600
Selling and administrative expenses 26,000 26,000
Total expenses 278,000 234,800
Pretax income 82,000 53,200
Income taxes (38%) 31,160 20,216
Net income 50,840 32,984

Required:
a. Compute each project’s annual expected net cash flows.
b. Compute each project’s accounting rate of return.
c. Determine each project’s net present value using 6% as the discount rate. Assume that cash flows occur at each year-end.

Most Company

a. Annual expected net cash flows:

                                                   Project Y         Project Z

Net cash flows before tax         139,500           122,200

Expected net cash flows:

Income taxes (38%)                      31,160              20,216

Net cash flows after tax          108,340             101,984

b. Accounting rate of return:

= Annual Net Income/Average Investment

Project Y:

= $50,840/$278,000 * 100

= 18.29%

Project Z:

= $32,984/$234,800 * 100

= 14.05%

c. Net Present Value, using 6% discount rate:

Annuity PV                              Project Y            Project Z

Annuity factor = 4.212

Annuity of operating outflows 929,746           698,350

Initial Investments                    345,000           345,000

Total PV of investments       $1,274,746      $1,043,350

Annuity of cash inflows        $1,516,320       $1,213,056

Net present value                 $241,574          $169,706

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

1. Investments in Projects:

                                                  Project Y            Project Z

Investments                             $345,000           $345,000

Project's life                               6 years                5 years

Salvage value                            0                          0

Depreciation method = straight-line method

Annual Depreciation expenses $57,500          $69,000

2. Cash Inflows:

Sales                                           360,000          288,000

3. Cash Outflows:

Direct materials                            50,400            36,000

Direct labor                                   72,000            43,200

Overhead                                      72,100            60,600

Selling & Admin. expenses         26,000            26,000

Total Operating Outflows         220,500           165,800

Net cash flows before tax         139,500           122,200

Expected net cash flows:

Income taxes (38%)                      31,160              20,216

Net cash flows after tax            108,340             101,984

4. Accounting rate of returns calculations:

                                                    Project Y         Project Z

Annual Net income                     $50,840          $32,984

Project's life                                  6 years            5 years

Initial Investments                       345,000         345,000

Annual Cash Outflows               220,500          165,800

Total Cash Outflows                 1,323,000         829,000

Total Investments                     1,668,000        1,174,000

Average Investments               $278,000       $234,800

Average investments = total investments/number of project's years.

5. Most Company's accounting rate of return measures the average annual net income as a percentage of the average investments, without considering the time value of money.

6. Most Company's NPV or net present value of a project calculates the difference between the present values of the inflows and the outflows of a project over its life.

say it in english maybe we can

one of the appeals of a sole proprietorship is that business expenses are kept separate from your personal income tax return