Once a surplus is accumulated, more people can engage in trade. Initially, the surplus goods of preindustrial economies are distributed through a system of , which is the direct exchange of goods or services considered of equal values by the traders.

Read the following paragraph, and choose the best revision for one of its sentences. dr. blake is retiring at the end of the month. there will be an unoccupied office upon his departure, and it is big in size. because every other office is occupied, we should convert dr. blake’s office into a lounge. it is absolutely essential that this issue is discussed at the next staff meeting. (a) because every other office is occupied, it’s recommended that we should convert dr. blake’s office into a lounge. (b) because every other office is filled, we should convert dr. blake’s office into a lounge.

United continental holdings, inc., (ual), operates passenger service throughout the world. the following data (in millions) were adapted from a recent financial statement of united. sales (revenue) $38,901 average property, plant, and equipment 17,219 average intangible assets 8,883 1. compute the asset turnover. round your answer to two decimal places.

The common stock and debt of northern sludge are valued at $65 million and $35 million, respectively. investors currently require a return of 15.9% on the common stock and a return of 7.8% on the debt. if northern sludge issues an additional $14 million of common stock and uses this money to retire debt, what happens to the expected return on the stock? assume that the change in capital structure does not affect the interest rate on northern’s debt and that there are no taxes.