Which of the following best describes the concept of "sunk costs"? Select one: A. Costs that will be incurred regardless of what decision is made B. Costs that are the same between competing alternatives C. Costs that are relevant to the decision process D. Costs that have already been incurred and cannot be avoided E. None of the above

What business practice contributed most to andrew carnegie’s ability to form a monopoly?

Consider two cigarette companies, pm inc. and brown inc. if neither company advertises, the two companies split the market and earn $50 million each. if they both advertise, they again split the market, but profits are lower by $10 million since each company must bear the cost of advertising. yet if one company advertises while the other does not, the one that advertises attracts customers from the other. in this case, the company that advertises earns $60 million while the company that does not advertise earns only $30 million. if these two companies collude and agree upon the best joint strategy, a. neither company will advertise. b. both companies will advertise. c. pm inc. will advertise but brown inc. will not. d. brown inc. will advertise but pm inc. will not.

Ange in supply or (ii) a movement along the supply curve. a. during a real estate boom that causes house prices to rise, more homeowners put their houses up for sale. b. many strawberry farmers open temporary roadside stands during harvest season, even though prices are usually low at that time. c. immediately after the school year begins, fewer young people are available to work. fast-food chains must raise wages, which represent the price of labor, to attract workers. d. many construction workers temporarily move to areas that have suffered hurricane damage, lured by higher wages. e. since new technologies have made it possible to build larger cruise ships (which are cheaper to run per passenger), caribbean cruise lines have offered more cabins, at lower prices, than before. 2. in the following three situations, the market is initially in equilibrium. after each event described below, does a surplus or shortage exist at the original equilibrium price? what will happen to the equilibrium price as a result? a. in 2010 there was a bumper crop of wine grapes. b. after a hurricane, florida hoteliers often find that many people cancel their upcoming vacations, leaving them with empty hotel rooms. c. after a heavy snowfall, many peop