3. Why is GM worried about the ARS exposure? What operational decisions could it have made or now make to manage this exposure? (Check exhibit 12 and 13—what are the forward rates telling you? Recall that we learned that forward rates capture market expectations of future exchange rate movements? What does this mean for how expensive hedging is by this time? Indeed, this is why anticipatory risk management is so critical—when hedging a risk is the most desirable, the cost of that hedge rises substantially too. Good news is that there are some non-financial alternatives to hedging this exposure…)

Suppose that a major city’s main thoroughfare, which is also an interstate highway, will be completely closed to traffic for two years, from january 2014 to december 2015, for reconstruction at a cost of $535 million. if the construction company were to keep the highway open for traffic during construction, the highway reconstruction project would take much longer and be more expensive. suppose that construction would take four years if the highway were kept open, at a total cost of $800 million. the state department of transportation had to make its decision in 2014, one year before the start of construction (so that the first payment was one year away). so the department of transportation had the following choices: (i) close the highway during construction, at an annual cost of $267.5 million per year for two years. (ii) keep the highway open during construction, at an annual cost of $200 million per year for four years. now suppose the interest rate is 80%. calculate the present value of the costs incurred under each plan.

Mandela manufacturing thinks that the best activity base for its manufacturing overhead is machine hours. the estimate of annual overhead costs is $540,000. the company used 1,000 hours of processing for job a15 during the period and incurred actual overhead costs of $580,000. the budgeted machine hours for the year totaled 20,000. what amount of manufacturing overhead should be applied to job a15? $29,000. $540. $580. $27,000.

The secret to effective sales is to have a unique selling proposition. good personality.