8. Problems and Applications Q8 The city government is considering two tax proposals: • A lump-sum tax of $300 on each producer of hamburgers. • A tax of $1 per burger, paid by producers of hamburgers. Which of the following statements is true as a result of the lump-sum tax? Check all that apply. Average fixed cost will increase. Average variable cost will remain unchanged. Average total cost will increase. Marginal cost will increase. Which of the following statements is true as a result of the per-burger tax? Check all that apply. Average fixed cost will remain unchanged. Average total cost will increase. Average variable cost will increase. Marginal cost will remain unchanged.

The average cost of production is computed by dividing the number cost (TC) by the output produced (TO) (Q). When we say "per unit cost of production," we mean that all fixed and variable costs are taken into account when calculating the average cost.

As a result, it's also known as Per Unit Total Cost.

The answers to the above questions are:

1)The $300 lump-sum tax is a one-time contribution that is not based on the amount of output; as a result, it is a fixed cost that is distributed across the total quantity of burgers produced, affecting the average total cost.

So, Option A and C are correct.

2)The per-burger tax is a variable expense that is determined by the number of burgers consumed. It has an effect on average total cost and average variable cost, but it has no effect on average fixed cost because it is not a fixed cost.    

So, Option A, B, and C are correct.

Thus these Options are correct for the following question.

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Which of the following statements is true as a result of the lump-sum tax?

Average fixed cost will increase.

Average total cost will increase.

The lump-sum tax of $300 is a one time payment that does not depend on the amount of output, for this reason, it is a fixed cost that is spread over the total quantity of burgers that are produced, and that also affect average total cost.

Which of the following statements is true as a result of the per-burger tax?

Average fixed cost will remain unchanged.

Average total cost will increase.

Average variable cost will increase.

The per-burger tax depends on the quanityt of burgers produced, therefore, it is another variable cost. It affects average total cost, and average variable cost, while average fixed cost remains unchaged precisely because it is not a fixed cost.

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