Universal Exports is expected to pay the following dividends over the next four years: $8, $4, $2, and $2. Afterwards the company is not expected to pay anything ever again. If the required return is 15 percent, what is the maximum that you would be willing to pay for a stock of Universal today

Maximum price to be paid for the stock = $12.43

Explanation:

The Dividend Valuation Model is a technique used to value the worth of an asset. According to this model, the worth of an asset is the sum of the present values of its future cash flows discounted at the required rate of return.

Hence the value of the stock would be the present value of its future dividend discounted at 15%

Year                                   PV of dividend

1                                          8  ×1.15^(-1)  

2                                           4 ×  1.15^(-2)  

3.                                              2 × 1.15^(-3)    

4                                                  2 × 1.15^(-4)    

PV of dividend =   (8 ×1.15^-1) +  (4 × 1.15^-2)  + (2 × 1.15^ -3) + (2× 1.15^-4) = 12.439

Maximum price to be paid for the stock = $12.43

answer; (b) insider trading;

c is the correct answer.