Aggregate Expenditure and Equilibrium Output Case - Consumer confidence in the nation's economy plays a significant role in determining consumer
spending. If stock market prices are falling and people are getting unemployed and let go, there is a
fear of a recession.
How would you behave in this situation in terms of spending?
2. Explain the overall effect on the economy
1.

In 2007, americans smoked 19.2 billion packs of cigarettes. they paid an average retail price of $4.50 per pack. a. given that the elasticity of supply is 0.50.5 and the elasticity of demand is negative 0.4−0.4, derive linear demand and supply curves for cigarettes. the demand equation is qdequals=nothingplus+nothing times ×p and the supply equation is qsequals=nothingplus+nothing times ×p.

Identify the management, organization, and technology factors responsible for slow adoption rates of internal corporate social networks. when a company decides to launch a social networking program the management, all need to be on board with the launch. from the ceo down to the shift or assistant manager everyone needs to know its coming and be excited. the organization of such a launch needs to be mapped out, and training provided for the new systems. within the company, they need to make sure the technology at hand (computers, tablets, and company phones), are all compatible with the system. when a company launches a new system, and the find that the employees are not adopting it, they need to investigate the reasons. is the management at all level's onboard? did we organize the launch properly? do we have the right technology for the system? things can goeither way but if

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu