Judd Company uses standard costs for its manufacturing division. Standards specify 0.1 direct labor hours per unit of product. The allocation base for variable overhead costs is direct labor hours. At the beginning of the year, the static budget for variable overhead costs included the following data: Production volume 6,300 units
Budgeted variable overhead costs $ 16,000
Budgeted direct labor hours 650 hours
At the end of the year, actual data were as follows:
Production volume 4 ,100 units
Actual variable overhead costs $ 15,300
Actual direct labor hours 485 hours
What is the variable overhead cost variance? (Round any intermediate calculations to the nearest cent, and your final answer to the nearest dollar.)
A. $15,000 U
B. $5,161 F
C. $3,891 U
D. $15,200 F

Your project team’s recommendations to increase productivity have been approved and your team is now working on an implementation plan. in order to accomplish the plan, several subject matter experts from various parts of the organization have been brought in to assist. you have noticed friction and conflict among team members. some of the disagreement and opposition on your team supports the achievement of team goals and objectives. this type of conflict can be described as:

Ajustification for job training programs is that they improve worker productivity. suppose that you are asked to evaluate whether more job training makes workers more productive. however, rather than having data on individual workers, you have access to data on manufacturing firms in ohio. in particu- lar, for each firm, you have information on hours of job training per worker (training) and number of nondefective items produced per worker hour (output). (i) carefully state the ceteris paribus thought experiment underlying this policy question. (ii) does it seem likely that a firm’s decision to train its workers will be independent of worker characteristics? what are some of those measurable and unmeasurable worker characteristics? (iii) name a factor other than worker characteristics that can affect worker productivity. (iv) if you find a positive correlation between output and training, would you have convincingly established that job training makes workers more productive? explain.

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