The balance sheet of the central bank is
Assets Liabilities
Gov't bonds $5000 Currency $2100
Gold $500 Reserves of commercial banks $3400
The consolidated balance sheet of commercial banks is
Assets Liabilities
Reserves at the central bank $3400 Deposits $14400
Loans $12000 Commercial bonds issued by banks $1000
If the required reserve-deposit ratio is 15%, can commercial banks increase the amount of loans by at least $1000?
A. Yes, by buying back the bonds and depositing the proceeds into the reserve account at the central bank.
B. Yes, by lowering reserves by $1000.
C. No, because the amount of deposits exceeds the amount of loans.
D. Yes, but only if some of the newly issued loans are redeposited to the banks.
E. No, because then the reserve-deposit ratio will fall below 15%.

Option (B) is correct.

Explanation:

Given that,

Reserves of commercial banks = $3,400

Required reserve-deposit ratio = 15%

Deposits = $14,400

Required reserve = 15% of Deposits

                              = 0.15 × $14,400

                              = $2,160

Excess reserves is the difference between total reserves and required reserves.

Excess reserves = Total reserves - Required reserves

                            = $3,400 - $2,160

                            = $1,240

Therefore, the commercial banks can increase the amount of loans by $1,240. So, they can increase the loan amount by at least $1,000 by reducing its reserves by $1,000.

of the three mortgage options that demarco and tanya have to choose from, the balloon payment mortgage would be their best option, over adjustable payment and fixed payment plans.ultimately, the balloon payment plan would save demarco and tanya overall, in interest, would cost less monthly, and they would only have to make these payments for 8 years, opposing to 30 years for adjustable or fixed payment plans. 

overall, demarco and tanya would save $80,811 if they chose balloon payments over fixed payments, and would save $116,711 if they choose balloon payments over adjustable payments. benefits with choosing fixed payments over adjustable payments is that, in the end, the payments will still be $836.30 a month, while with adjustable payments, the initial monthly payments will be $763.38 to $1082.70 a month, ultimately leading to a more costly purchase. benefits with choosing fixed payments over balloon payments are not present. benefits in choosing adjustable payments over is that it has a lower interest rate, and starts with lower monthly payments initially. benefits in choosing adjustable payments over balloon payments include a lower interest rate, and lower initial monthly payments. benefits in choosing balloon payments over fixed payments include lower interest rates, lower overall price, lower monthly payments, takes less time to pay off, and does not require a downpayment. benefits in choosing balloon payments over adjustable payments include, lower monthly payments (when averaged), takes less time to pay off, and lower overall price.

hence, option c, balloon payments, is the best option for demarco and tanya to make this purchase, for it will save them a minimum of $80811, and a maximum of $116,711.