Exercise 6-18 Break-Even and Target Profit Analysis; Margin of Safety; CM Ratio [LO6-1, LO6-3, LO6-5, LO6-6, LO6-7]Menlo Company distributes a single product. The company’s sales and expenses for last month follow: Total Per UnitSales$640,000 $40 Variable expenses 448,000 28 Contribution margin 192,000 $12 Fixed expenses 145,200 Net operating income$46,800 Required:1. What is the monthly break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales?2. Without resorting to computations, what is the total contribution margin at the break-even point?3-a. How many units would have to be sold each month to attain a target profit of $75,600?3-b. Verify your answer by preparing a contribution format income statement at the target sales level.4. Refer to the original data. Compute the company's margin of safety in both dollar and percentage terms.5. What is the company’s CM ratio? If sales increase by $96,000 per month and there is no change in fixed expenses, by how much would you expect monthly net operating income to increase?

Instructions are below.

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Sales= $640,000 ($40)

Variable expenses= 448,000 (28)

Contribution margin= 192,000 ($12)

Fixed expenses= (145,200)

Net operating income=$46,800

1) To calculate the break-even point in units and dollars, we need to use the following formulas:

Break-even point in units= fixed costs/ contribution margin per unit

Break-even point in units= 145,200/(40-28)

Break-even point in units= 12,100 units

Break-even point (dollars)= fixed costs/ contribution margin ratio

Break-even point (dollars)= 145,200/ (12/40)

Break-even point (dollars)= $484,000

2) The break-even point is the number of units to sell to reach a net profit of cero. Therefore, the contribution margin must be equal to the fixed costs.

Contribution margin= 145,200

3) profit= $75,600

Break-even point in units= (fixed costs + desired profit)/ contribution margin per unit

Break-even point in units= 220,800/12

Break-even point in units= 18,400 units

Sales= 18,400*40= 736,000

Total variable costs= 18,400*28= (515,200)

Contribution margin= 220,800

Fixed costs= 145,200

Net profit= 75,600

4) The margin of safety:

Margin of safety= (current sales level - break-even point)

Margin of safety= 640,000 - 484,000= $156,000

Margin of safety ratio= (current sales level - break-even point)/current sales level

Margin of safety ratio= 156,000/640,000

Margin of safety ratio= 0.244= 24.4%

5) Contribution margin ratio= 12/40= 0.3

Net increase= 96,000*0.3= $28,800

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