Which of the following best describes the abundance of Bd on a frog's skin following exposure to Bd? The abundance of Bd on a frog’s skin is lower for naïve frogs than it is for frogs with prior exposure to Bd.

a. The abundance of Bd on a naïve frog’s skin is roughly equal to the abundance of Bd on the skin of frogs that have been exposed to Bd.
b. The abundance of Bd on a frog’s skin is close to 0 for all sampled frogs.
c. The abundance of Bd on a frog’s skin is higher for naïve frogs than it is for frogs with prior exposure to Bd.

Consider the local telephone company, a natural monopoly. the following graph shows the monthly demand curve for phone services and the company’s marginal revenue (mr), marginal cost (mc), and average total cost (atc) curves. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 price (dollars per subscription) quantity (thousands of subscriptions) d mr mc atc 8, 60 suppose that the government has decided not to regulate this industry, and the firm is free to maximize profits, without constraints. complete the first row of the following table. pricing mechanism short run long-run decision quantity price profit (subscriptions) (dollars per subscription) profit maximization marginal-cost pricing average-cost pricing suppose that the government forces the monopolist to set the price equal to marginal cost. complete the second row of the previous table. suppose that the government forces the monopolist to set the price equal to average total cost. complete the third row of the previous table. under average-cost pricing, the government will raise the price of output whenever a firm’s costs increase, and lower the price whenever a firm’s costs decrease. over time, under the average-cost pricing policy, what will the local telephone company most likely do

Arnold rossiter is a 40-year-old employee of the barrington company who will retire at age 60 and expects to live to age 75. the firm has promised a retirement income of $20,000 at the end of each year following retirement until death. the firm's pension fund is expected to earn 7 percent annually on its assets and the firm uses 7% to discount pension benefits. what is barrington's annual pension contribution to the nearest dollar for mr. rossiter? (assume certainty and end-of-year cash flows.)

Shawn received an e-mail offering a great deal on music, movie, and game downloads. he has never heard of the company, and the e-mail address and company name do not match. what should shawn do?