Bettina is a property investment manager who wants to write to a client telling him that the new sprinkler system installed at his property has already reduced its water bill by hundreds of dollars over last year. Which of the following guidelines should Bettina follow when writing this message?

A. She should include all necessary explanations in the body of the message.
B. She should end with a general closing, such as "If you need further information, just ask."
C. She should write the message using the indirect approach of organizing information.
D. She should explain the orienting material in detail and keep the main objective brief.
E. She should present the objective or key point of the message at the end.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e. g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Search engines generate revenue through pay-per-click (each time a user clicks a link to a retailer’s website); pay-per-call (each time a user clicks a link that takes the user to an online agent waiting for a call); or pay-per-conversion (each time a website visitor is converted to a customer)

Miller company’s most recent contribution format income statement is shown below: total per unit sales (20,000 units) $300,000 $15.00 variable expenses 180,000 9.00 contribution margin 120,000 $6.00 fixed expenses 70,000 net operating income $ 50,000 required: prepare a new contribution format income statement under each of the following conditions (consider each case independently): (do not round intermediate calculations. round your "per unit" answers to 2 decimal places.) 1. the number of units sold increases by 15%.