The industry-low, industry-average, and industry-high cost benchmarks on p. 6 of each issue of the Footwear Industry Report are of considerable value to the managers of companies considering building additional facility space and/or adding more footwear-making equipment to boost production capabilities. are worth careful scrutiny by the managers of all companies because they help managers determine the degree to which their company's costs for the benchmarked cost categories are competitive with those of rival companies. are sometimes historically interesting but are of little or no value to managers when it comes to making decisions in the upcoming decision round. only have value to the managers of companies whose costs are below the industry averages. are of little value to company managers in making decisions to improve company performance in the upcoming decision round, unless a company is losing money and its managers do not understand why.

Each of the following scenarios is based on facts in anactual fraud. categorize each scenario as primarily indicating (1) anincentive to commit fraud, (2) an opportunity to commit fraud, or(3) a rationalization for committing fraud. also state your reasoningfor each scenario. a. there was intense pressure to keep the corporation ' stock from declining further. this pressure came from investors, analysts, and the ceo, whose financial well-being was significantly dependent on the corporation ' s stock price. b. a group of top-level management was compensated (mostly in the form of stock-options) well in excess of what would be considered normal for their positions in this industry. c. top management of the company closely guards internal financial information, to the extent that even some employees on a “need-to-know basis” are denied full access. d. managing specific financial ratios is very important to the company, and both management and analysts are keenly observant of variability in key ratios. key ratios for the company changed very little even though the ratios for the overall industry were quite volatile during the time period. e. in an effort to reduce certain accrued expenses to meet budget targets, the cfo directs the general accounting department to reallocate a division’s expenses by a significant amount. the general accounting department refuses to acquiesce to the request, but the journal entry is made trough the corporate office. an accountant in the general accounting department is uncomfortable with the journal entries required to reallocate divisional expenses. he brings his concerns to the cfo, who assures him that everything will be fine and that the entries are necessary. the accountant considers resigning, but he does not have another job lined up and is worried about supporting his family. therefore, he never voices his concerns to either the internal or external auditors. f. accounting records were either nonexistent or in a state of such disorganization that significant effort was required to locate or compile them.

Match each economic concept with the scenarios that illustrates it

You have been solicited to conduct a performance evaluation for a public organization that has been corrupted over issues of personnel embezzling funds. before actually conducting the evaluation, you—the evaluator—need to know certain specifics to conduct a thorough evaluation. compose a proposal that describes what type of evaluation will be conducted. in the proposal, explain the type of public organization. describe some of the main services, products, and activities the organization provides to the public. describe the size of the problem, who is affected by the problem, how long the problem has been in existence, and how long the evaluation will take. also, describe what the evaluation will assess with respect to organizational leadership. finally, what outcomes do you propose the evaluation will to achieve for the organization?