On February 15, 2019, John, who is single and age 30, establishes a traditional IRA and contributes $ 5,500 to the account. John's adjusted gross income is $ 70, 000 in 2018 and $ 60,500 in 2019. John is an active participant in an employer-sponsored retirement plan.

a. What amount of the contribution is deductible? In what year is it deductible?
b. How is the deduction (if any) reported (i. e., for AGI or from AGI)?
c. How would your answer to Part a change, if at all, if Jamal were not an active participant in an employer-sponsored retirement plan?
d. How would your answer to Part a change if Jamal were married and files a joint return with his spouse, who has no earned income? (Assume their combined AGI is $85,000.)

Alpine west, inc., operates a downhill ski area near lake tahoe, california. an all-day, adult ticket can be purchased for $55. adult customers also can purchase a season pass that entitles the pass holder to ski any day during the season, which typically runs from december 1 through april 30. the season pass is nontransferable, and the $450 price is nonrefundable. alpine expects its season pass holders to use their passes equally throughout the season. the company’s fiscal year ends on december 31. on november 6, 2009, jake lawson purchased a season ticket. required: 1. when should alpine west recognize revenue from the sale of its season passes? 2. prepare the appropriate journal entries that alpine would record on november 6 and december 31. 3. what will be included in the 2009 income statement and 2009 balance sheet related to the sale of the season pass to jake lawson?