What is the difference between gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP)?

a) NPP = GPP - plant respiration
b) GPP = NPP - plant respiration
c) Plant respiration = GPP + NPP
d) None of the above

a) NPP = GPP - plant respiration Explanation:Such type of total chemical production that takes place by the living organisms is known as gross primary production or GPP. The energy that is required to complete this process mainly comes from the sunlight that means solar energy and some times it is also obtained from the inorganic compounds in the case of lithotropic organisms. So the main production takes place by the process of photosynthesis and some amount is also produced by the chemosynthetic process.So the organisms that re responsible for the primary production are called primary producers such as plants, some bacteria. Living organisms utilize some formed organic compounds in the form of respiration and some other metabolic process. So the remaining or storage amount of the organic compounds that are formed by the organisms is called net primary production or NPP.So when the amount of respiration is subtracted from the amount of gross primary production then net primary production is obtained that is represented as NPP= GPP- plant respiration.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.

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