If the market interest rate is 9%, the bonds will issue at $431,721. Record the bond issue on January 1, 2021, and the first two semiannual interest payments on June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2021.

Please refer to the explanation section

Explanation:

Bonds are another form of debt financing, When a Company issues Bonds , the will be Obligated to make interest payment as per the bond agreement and also Repay the Face Value of the Bond at the end of the period (when the Bond reaches its maturity period). The Face Value of a Bond is used when calculating Interest Payment. Interest Payments of a Bond (also Known as Coupon payments) is calculated by Taking the Face Value of a Bond and Multiply it by the effective interest rate, that is an annual interest rate that is adjusted by the number of times interest payment are made in a year.

Bond Interest Payments or coupon Payments are recognised as Interest expense in the income statement as they represent interest expense incurred resulting from a Company's Liabilities.

We will assume that the amount of $431 721 is the Face Value of the Bond since the question didn't specify.

Market interest rate = 9%. Interest payment are made in every 6 months or twice a year (semi annually), The Annual interest rate of 9% must be divided by 2. Therefore the effective interest rate = 9%/2 = 4.5% semi annually

Face Value = $431 721  

r = 9%/2 = 4.5%

Journal entries

1 January 2021

Dr Bank             $431 721

Cr       Bonds Long term Liability $431 721

recording bonds issue

30 June 2021

Dr Interest expense  $19427.45

Cr             Bank                 $19427.45

recording the first interest payment. Cash decreases when Payments are made thus we process a credit entry to the bank to indicate that cash is decrease when interest expense is paid

30 December 2021

Dr Interest expense  $19427.45

Cr             Bank                 $19427.45

recording the second interest payment

General Journal

Bond issue on January 1, 2021

1 June 2021

Dr Cash $431,721

Cr Bonds payable $431,721

First two semiannual interest payments

30 June 2021

Dr Interest expense $19,427

Cr Bonds payable $627

Cr Cash $18,800

31-Dec-2021

Dr Interest expense $19,456

Cr Bonds payable $656

Cr Cash $18,800

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