Productivity is declining when: A) the number of hours worked exceeds the number of workers. B) population growth exceeds real GDP growth. C) the ratio of adult civilians employed outside the home rises. D) real GDP growth exceeds the population growth

b. When population exceeds real GDP growth

Explanation:

Gross domestic growth(GDP) is the monetary value of all finished goods and services done within in a country over a period of time. When the population of a country exceeds what it produces there would be record in decline in productivity of the country. This is a serious problem as it could lead to other factors as scarcity(having high demand and low supply), it could lead to poverty as there won't be much jobs as production is not commensurate with population.

C) The ratio of adult civilians employed outside the home rises.

Explanation:

GDP is the value of a country's goods and services produced within a period. Productivity is a measure of how efficient and capable a person, machine or system is.

 When a country's adult civilians travel out for job opportunities, it reduces the home country's productivity levels. Goods and services produced in a country will definitely depreciate in a drastical way. Adult citizens who have the experience and capacity to handle machines have left the country, leaving it in the hands of inexperienced labourers who would have to go through rigorous training before they can start handling machines. While that is happening, hours meant to be working and producing outputs are spent training labourers.