In the context of performance appraisal, which of the following is a difference between developmental feedback and administrative feedback? a. Developmental feedback is used as a reward for past performance, whereas administrative feedback is designed to improve future performance. b. Managers act as coaches when they give developmental feedback, whereas managers act as judges when they give administrative feedback. c. Managers are evaluative during developmental feedback, whereas managers are encouraging during administrative feedback. d. During developmental feedback, employees are defensive and closed to feedback, whereas during administrative feedback, employees are typically open and receptive to feedback.

Phoenix guitars is interested in pursuing backward integration to take greater ownership of the extraction of raw materials and production of components used in its signature line of guitars. although this approach would lower the overall cost of producing a guitar, the costs associated with producing electronic pickupsfor sound amplification are far greater than those associated with sourcing pickups from a reliable supplier. which of the following approaches is likely to produce superior results? a) invest in vertical integration despite the cost of producing pickups. b) abandon the idea of vertical integration entirely. c) pursue taper integration. d) introduce a budget line of guitars to diversify the firm's offerings.