Maggie’s mom agrees to let Maggie buy small gifts for some of her friends. Each gift costs $4. Maggie’s mom gave her a budget of $19. When Maggie went online to order the gifts, she discovered there was a $7 shipping fee no matter how many gifts she bought. Use arithmetic (without variables) to determine how many gifts Maggie can buy. Record your steps. Write an algebraic equation to determine how many gifts Maggie can buy with $19, and solve your equation. Record your steps. Compare and contrast the two methods of solving the problem. 6-79.

The price of trade suppose that portugal and sweden both produce rye and wine. portugal's opportunity cost of producing a bottle of wine is 4 bushels of rye while sweden's opportunity cost of producing a bottle of wine is 10 bushels of rye. by comparing the opportunity cost of producing wine in the two countries, you can tell thatportugal/sweden has a comparative advantage in the production of wine. andportugal/sweden has a comparative advantage in the production of rye. suppose that portugal and sweden consider trading wine and rye with each other. portugal can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more rye for each bottle of wine it exports to sweden. similarly, sweden can gain from trade as long as it receives more bottles of wine for each bushel of rye it exports to portugal. based on your answer to the last question, which of the following prices of trade (that is, price of wine in terms of rye) would allow both sweden and portugal to gain from trade? a. 1 bushels of rye per bottle of wineb. 8 bushels of rye per bottle of winec. 9 bushels of rye per bottle of wined. 3 bushels of rye per bottle of wine

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Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e. g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.