Unions and productivity In some industries, the labor productivity of union workers exceeds the labor productivity of nonunion workers.

Which of the following might help explain the higher productivity of union workers?

Check all that apply.

A. Higher union wage rates allow companies to attract more highly skilled workers.

B. Unions are always more efficient than firms at discerning which workers are highly skilled and which are not.

C. Because union wages exceed nonunion wages, employees may be encouraged to work harder.

D. Unions may provide information to companies about how to improve operations and eliminate problems in the work environment.

6. why the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short run in the short run, the quantity of output that firms supply can deviate from the natural level of output if the actual price level in the economy deviates from the expected price level. several theories explain how this might happen. for example, the misperceptions theory asserts that changes in the price level can temporarily mislead firms about what is happening to their output prices. consider a soybean farmer who expects a price level of 100 in the coming year. if the actual price level turns out to be 90, soybean prices will , and if the farmer mistakenly assumes that the price of soybeans declined relative to other prices of goods and services, she will respond by the quantity of soybeans supplied. if other producers in this economy mistake changes in the price level for changes in their relative prices, the unexpected decrease in the price level causes the quantity of output supplied to the natural level of output in the short run.