When Joanne saw a television ad for a large retail chain of jewelry stores, she was impressed with the money-back guarantee that the company offered on its jewelry. However, when she later heard an identical audio portion of the ad on the radio, she was unimpressed with the guarantee. This differing perception of ads as a result of the medium in which they appear is caused by the effect

Which of the following is the best example of substitution? a. movie producers begin making more comedies because they cost less to make than action films. b. people walk out before the end of a movie because the acting and the plot are terrible. c. people at the movie theater switch from popcorn to candy because popcorn has gotten too expensive. d. more people begin going to matinee movies instead of night movies to save money on the tickets.