Nderson produces color cartridges for inkjet printers. Suppose cartridges are sold to mail-order distributors for $12 each and that manufacturing and other costs are as follows: Variable Cost per Unit Fixed Cost Per Month Direct material $4.00 Factory overhead $17,000 Direct labor 0.40 Selling and administrative 8,000 Factory overhead 0.50 Distribution 0.10 Total $5.00 Total $25,000 The variable distribution costs are for transportation to mail-order distributors. Also assume the current monthly production and sales volume is 20,000 and monthly capacity is 25,000 units. If the sales price per unit increases by $2.00 and unit sales decrease by 2,000 units, Anderson’s monthly profit would: Select one:

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e. g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.